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How We Build Our Insurance Cost Estimates

Where our numbers come from

Every dollar figure in the estimator and on the state requirement pages traces back to a published source — we don't estimate from first principles or invent a number to fill a gap. Premium benchmarks for general liability, workers' comp, commercial auto, tools and equipment, umbrella, and BOP coverage come from published carrier and broker data: Insureon, NEXT Insurance, TechInsurance, and MoneyGeek all publish average and range figures for HVAC and appliance repair businesses, and we cite the specific page each figure came from. Where those sources disagree — and they sometimes do, since each aggregator pulls from its own book of business — we say so rather than quietly blending the numbers into one figure.

Workers' comp payroll math uses U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OES) mean annual wage data for the relevant occupation codes, and state-specific rate ranges come from official state workers' comp rate filings and rating bureaus where we've been able to verify them. Licensing and insurance requirements on the state pages are sourced directly from state statutes and the license boards that administer them — never from a broker's summary of what a state requires. Every citation below links to the original source and shows the date we last accessed it.

The estimator's math

We scale published general liability and BOP benchmarks by a disclosed revenue multiplier rather than inventing our own rating factors:

  • Under $150K: 0.8× the published national benchmark
  • $150K – $500K: 1× the published national benchmark
  • $500K – $1M: 1.5× the published national benchmark
  • $1M – $3M: 2.2× the published national benchmark
  • Over $3M: beyond published small-business benchmarks — general liability and BOP are shown at the top 2.2× factor marked as a floor (“+”), while workers' comp and commercial auto remain full payroll/per-vehicle estimates; we recommend a broker quote for an exact figure

We stop estimating and route to a broker above 20 employees, since published small-business benchmarks no longer apply reliably at that size.

Workers' comp is estimated directly from payroll rather than a flat multiplier:

estimated premium = (employees × trade mean annual wage ÷ 100) × state class-code rate per $100 of payroll

When we don't have a published state-specific workers' comp rate for a trade, we fall back to the published national per-employee benchmark instead of estimating a state figure.

What this tool is not

  • Not a rating engine. We do not have access to carrier rating algorithms, your loss history, or your experience modifier — all of which materially affect real premiums.
  • Not insurance or legal advice. This tool is for general informational purposes only. It doesn't account for your specific contracts, licensing situation, or state law. Talk to a licensed insurance broker and, where licensing or liability questions get complicated, an attorney before making coverage decisions.
  • Not a quote. Only a licensed carrier or broker can quote your business accurately. Nothing on this page or in the estimator is an offer of coverage.

Sources

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  198. Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation — Form U-3S, Application for or Request to Cancel Elective Coverage (Rev. Feb. 18, 2026) — 'All employers with one or more employees must carry workers' compensation coverage'; lists categories with elective coverage, accessed 2026-07-15
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  202. Ohio Revised Code — Section 4123.35 - Payment into state insurance fund, accessed 2026-07-15
  203. Ohio Revised Code — Section 4740.01 - Definitions, accessed 2026-07-15
  204. Ohio Revised Code — Section 4740.06 - License application, accessed 2026-07-15
  205. Ohio Revised Code — Section 4740.12 - Local regulation, accessed 2026-07-15
  206. Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN) - Oklahoma Statutes — 85A O.S. Section 2 - Definitions (Administrative Workers' Compensation Act), accessed 2026-07-15
  207. Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN) - Oklahoma Statutes — 85A O.S. Section 38 - Employer to Secure Compensation - Waiver - Knowing Provision of False Information - Penalty, accessed 2026-07-15
  208. Oklahoma Construction Industries Board — Active Contractor Requirements, accessed 2026-07-15
  209. Oregon Construction Contractors Board — CCB License — Insurance and Bond Requirements by Endorsement, accessed 2026-07-15
  210. Oregon Revised Statutes (Oregon Law) — ORS 656.027 — Who are subject workers, accessed 2026-07-15
  211. Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry — Workers' Compensation Compliance, accessed 2026-07-15
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  214. Rhode Island Contractors' Registration and Licensing Board (CRLB) — FAQs for the Contractor, accessed 2026-07-15
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